"Stanford researchers uncover patterns in
how scientists lie about their data". The key was an "obfuscation index":
"We believe the underlying idea behind obfuscation is to muddle the
truth," said Markowitz, the lead author on the paper. "Scientists faking
data know that they are committing a misconduct and do not want to get
caught. Therefore, one strategy to evade this may be to obscure parts of
the paper. We suggest that language can be one of many variables to
differentiate between fraudulent and genuine science."